Research: Sudanese Labor Integration in Egypt

Egypt stands at a pivotal juncture in its refugee and migration policy. Since April 2023, conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has driven over 1.5 million Sudanese into Egypt since the start of the conflict, making the country the largest host of Sudanese displaced persons worldwide.

This influx has transformed from a short-term humanitarian crisis into a protracted challenge with deep economic, social, and policy implications. Sudanese nationals-73% of Egypt’s registered refugee population-are no longer only temporary guests; they represent a growing segment of the urban labor force, particularly among youth aged 18–35.

Domestically, Egypt is contending with high youth unemployment, structural labor informality exceeding 63%, and macroeconomic pressures. 

Yet Sudanese migrants bring with them substantial human capital over 60% of surveyed arrivals had prior work experience in Sudan—and established cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to Egypt. 

This presents both a humanitarian responsibility and an economic opportunity:
if integrated effectively, Sudanese labor could strengthen key sectors, foster entrepreneurship, and contribute to urban economic resilience.

This report-produced through a strategic collaboration between Entlaq Holding and Savannah Innovation Labs-delivers the first comprehensive, data-driven mapping of Sudanese labor market participation in Egypt. It analyzes demographic profiles, employment trends, legal status, and service access, drawing on over 6,300 survey responses, secondary literature, and comparative international benchmarks.